Python Math Module With Example

In this post, we will learn about the Python math module in detail, with an explanation and examples. So let’s start learning from the very basics.

Introduction to math module

Python math module is a built-in module that provides various functions and constants to perform the mathematical operations more accurately.

To use the math module you need to import it:

import math

After importing the math module into your program you have access to various functions and constants of the math module let’s see all of those one by one with examples.

math.sqrt(x)

This function returns the square root of the input number x.

import math

number = 16
square_root = math.sqrt(number)
print(f"The square root of {number} is {square_root}")

Output:

The square root of 16 is 4.0

math.sin(x), math.cos(x), and math.tan(x)

These functions return the sine, cosine, and tangent of the input angle x (in radians), respectively.

import math

angle_in_degrees = 30
angle_in_radians = math.radians(angle_in_degrees)

sin_value = math.sin(angle_in_radians)
cos_value = math.cos(angle_in_radians)
tan_value = math.tan(angle_in_radians)

print("For angle", angle_in_degrees, "degrees:")
print("Sin:", sin_value)
print("Cos:", cos_value)
print("Tan:", tan_value)

Output:

For angle 30 degrees:
Sin: 0.49999999999999994
Cos: 0.8660254037844387
Tan: 0.5773502691896257

math.pi and math.e

These are mathematical constants representing π (pi) and Euler’s number (e) respectively.

import math

print("The value of π (pi) is:", math.pi)
print("The value of Euler's number (e) is:", math.e)

Output:

The value of π (pi) is: 3.141592653589793
The value of Euler's number (e) is: 2.718281828459045

math.factorial(x)

This function returns the factorial of the input integer x.

import math

number = 5
factorial_result = math.factorial(number)
print(f"Factorial of {number} is {factorial_result}")

Output:

Factorial of 5 is 120

math.pow(x, y)

This function returns x raised to the power y.

import math

base = 2
exponent = 3
result = math.pow(base, exponent)
print(f"{base} raised to the power {exponent} is {result}")

Output:

2 raised to the power 3 is 8.0

math.gcd()

This function returns greatest common divisor (GCD) of two or more integers.

import math

n1 = 10
n2 = 25

print(f"GCD of {n1} & {n2} is {math.gcd(n1,n2)}")

Output:

GCD of 10 & 25 is 5

math.ceil(x)

This function returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.

import math

number = 4.2
ceiled_value = math.ceil(number)
print(f"The ceil of {number} is {ceiled_value}")

Output:

The ceil of 4.2 is 5

math.floor(x)

This function returns the largest integer less than or equal to x.

import math

number = 4.8
floored_value = math.floor(number)
print(f"The floor of {number} is {floored_value}")

Output:

The floor of 4.8 is 4

math.fabs(x)

This function returns the absolute value (magnitude) of the input number x.

import math

number = -10.5
absolute_value = math.fabs(number)
print(f"The absolute value of {number} is {absolute_value}")

Output:

The absolute value of -10.5 is 10.5

math.exp(x)

This function returns the exponential value of x, i.e., e raised to the power x.

import math

x = 2
exp_value = math.exp(x)
print(f"The exponential value of {x} is {exp_value}")

Output:

The exponential value of 2 is 7.38905609893065

math.log(x, base)

This function returns the natural logarithm of x to the specified base (default base is e).

import math

x = 10
log_value = math.log(x, 2)  # Logarithm base 2
print(f"The logarithm (base 2) of {x} is {log_value}")

Output:

The logarithm (base 2) of 10 is 3.3219280948873626

math.degrees(x) and math.radians(x)

import math

angle_in_degrees = 45
angle_in_radians = math.radians(angle_in_degrees)

print(f"{angle_in_degrees} degrees is equal to {angle_in_radians} radians")


# Convert back to degrees
angle_in_degrees = math.degrees(angle_in_radians)
print(f"{angle_in_radians} radians is equal to {angle_in_degrees} degrees")

Output:

45 degrees is equal to 0.7853981633974483 radians
0.7853981633974483 radians is equal to 45.0 degrees

math.isclose(a, b)

This function checks whether two floating-point numbers a and b are close to each other, considering relative and absolute tolerances.

import math

a = 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1
b = 0.3
is_close = math.isclose(a, b)
print(f"Are {a} and {b} close? {is_close}")

Output:

Are 0.30000000000000004 and 0.3 close? True

This is all about the Python math module. If you want to learn more about Python, then Click Here